2 AH

During 2 AH, several Quranic verses were revealed that addressed community organization and individual conduct, directly impacting Shia legal thought. Notably, the verses pertaining to prayer and fasting were integral in establishing communal worship practices. Shia scholars emphasize adherence to these principles, underscoring the importance of intention (niyyah) in religious activities. The establishment of the five daily prayers (Salah) is often traced back to this era, highlighting the role of ritual in reinforcing communal identity.

3. The Importance of Leadership

A pivotal aspect of Shia doctrine, particularly evident in the framework established during 2 AH, is the concept of leadership (Imamat). Shia teachings posit that the leadership of the Muslim ummah should rest with the descendants of the Prophet, beginning with Ali ibn Abi Talib. This notion of divinely appointed leaders is a cornerstone of Shia Islam, contrasting sharply with Sunni perspectives that favor a more community-based selection of leaders. In 2 AH, Ali’s burgeoning role as a leader in Medina was seen as a harbinger of the Imamate, solidifying his rightful status in Shia thought.