Rulling of suckling milk from other women in Islam

In the complex tapestry of Islamic jurisprudence, the topic of suckling milk from women other than one’s biological mother occupies a notable position, particularly within Shia teachings. This discourse not only elucidates the permissibility and implications of such actions but also navigates the underlying theological, historical, and social contexts that shape these rulings.

To begin, it is essential to understand the foundational texts that govern the rulings on suckling milk. The Qur’an and Sunnah provide principles regarding breast-feeding, aligning with natural societal norms, while being influenced by cultural practices. Central to these discussions is the verse in the Qur’an, often cited for its relevance to suckling, which states: “Mothers may breastfeed their children two complete years for whoever wishes to be complete the nursing [period].” (Qur’an 2:233). This verse establishes the context and sets the framework for the rulings on suckling.

Within Shia discourse, there is significant emphasis on the concepts of kinship and fosterage (rida’a). The term ‘rida’a’ refers to the relationship established through suckling. This relationship is nuanced, wherein a woman who breastfeeds another’s child creates a bond comparable to that of blood relations. However, specific conditions and limitations govern this practice.

According to Shia juristic opinion, a child becomes a foster child when they are breastfed a minimum of five complete feeds during the first two years of life. This relationship obligates certain marital prohibitions; for instance, a man cannot marry his foster mother or the biological children of his foster mother (if he has been suckled by her). This principle is rooted deeply within the ethical and moral framework that governs familial relationships in Islam, emphasizing the sanctity and seriousness of these established bonds.