Al-Hikma al-mutaaliya fi l-asfar al-aqliyya al-arbaa

Al-Hikma al-Mutaaliya fi-l-Asfar al-Aqliyya al-Arbaa, or “The Transcendent Philosophy in the Four Intellectual Journeys,” is a monumental work attributed to the esteemed Shia philosopher, Mulla Sadra. This philosophical treatise integrates metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics within the framework of Islamic thought. As such, it commands significant relevance within philosophical discourse, particularly among Shia scholars and adherents. This article elucidates the primary aspects of Mulla Sadra’s magnum opus, focusing on its foundational concepts, methodologies, and the implications for modern thought.

The text is structured into four key journeys or ‘asfar,’ each exploring unique dimensions of existence. The first journey reflects upon the nature of the self and its intellectual faculties. Mulla Sadra posits that understanding the soul is paramount, for it serves as the locus of knowledge and existence. This exploration delves into the essence of human cognition, emphasizing the interplay between the soul and the material world. Here, readers can appreciate a nuanced discussion on epistemological questions, including the origins of knowledge and the role of intuition.

Transitioning into the second journey, Mulla Sadra expands the discourse to the essence of the universe and the relationship between the creator and the created. The author elucidates the fundamental principles of existence, deploying an intricate analysis of causality and the nature of being. This journey invites readers to contemplate the metaphysical underpinnings of the cosmos, challenging complacent assumptions and stimulating a deeper appreciation of divine wisdom. Particular attention is given to the concept of avandh, or ‘substantial motion,’ which asserts that change and existence are fundamentally intertwined.

In the third journey, Mulla Sadra directs his attention to the principles of ethics and moral philosophy. He asserts that ethical behavior is inextricable from an understanding of one’s nature and reality. Here, readers can expect a thorough examination of moral virtues, exploring notions of justice, benevolence, and their practical implications within society. The philosopher connects ethical principles to spiritual maturation, revealing how ethical conduct serves not only societal harmony but also individual enlightenment. This portion of the work encourages readers to reflect critically on their moral responsibilities and the broader impacts of their actions.