Al-Hikma al-mutaaliya fi l-asfar al-aqliyya al-arbaa (book)

In the landscape of Islamic philosophy, few texts resonate with the profundity and sophistication of “Al-Hikma al-mutaaliya fi l-asfar al-aqliyya al-arbaa.” This magnum opus, authored by the eminent philosopher Mulla Sadra, is not merely a philosophical treatise; it is a remarkable exploration of the intersection of reason and spirituality, seeking to elucidate the vast terrains of existence through an intricate dialogue between intellect and intuition. Mulla Sadra’s discourse is imbued with a unique appeal that captivates scholars, philosophers, and seekers alike.

At its core, this work dissects the premises of existence and being, introducing the reader to a metaphysical journey that is both enlightening and, at times, bewildering. The title itself hints at its thematic focal points – “Al-Hikma” translates to “wisdom,” while “al-mutaaliya” expresses an elevated, transcendent form of understanding. With “asfar al-aqliyya al-arbaa,” the phrase refers to the four intellectual journeys that weave together the fabric of existence and knowledge. These journeys are the quintessence through which the cosmos is both rationally examined and spiritually realized.

The first journey, “asfar al-aqliyya,” permits the philosopher to embark on a profound exploration of the nature of being. Here, Mulla Sadra presents us with the seminal concept of “substantial motion,” which proposes that being is in a constant state of transformation. Unlike traditional Aristotelian perspectives that perceive existence as static and unchanging, Mulla Sadra’s paradigm invigorates the notion of being with dynamic vitality. This text vividly imparts how existence evolves and morphs, akin to a river that flows ceaselessly, shaping landscapes while remaining itself.

The second journey unfolds to reveal the interplay between the corporeal and the incorporeal. Mulla Sadra adeptly navigates through the dualities of necessity and contingency, essence and existence. He posits that all things possess an essence that is distinct from their existence; however, the understanding of both is interdependent. This intricate relationship is metaphorically akin to the moon illuminating the night sky, casting reflections that shape our perception without being diminished by their illumination. The reader gains insight into how the essence of a thing informs its existential reality, promoting a deeper appreciation that transcends superficial understanding.