Arbain procession

The Arbain procession, a significant event in Shia Islam, represents the culmination of mourning for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, during the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. Each year, millions of Shia Muslims undertake pilgrimages to commemorate this event, gathering in profound expressions of grief, solidarity, and remembrance. But what drives such massive participation in these somber observances? Is it merely tradition, or is there a deeper, more intrinsic motivation at play?

The Arbain pilgrimage occurs 40 days after Ashura, the day marking Imam Hussain’s martyrdom, and serves as both a remembrance of his sacrifice and a reaffirmation of the values for which he stood—justice, humanity, and resistance against tyranny. It evokes a sense of community, transcending national borders and ethnic divisions, uniting individuals under the banner of shared faith and collective memory.

At the heart of the Arbain procession is the embodiment of profound love for Imam Hussain. This affection is not limited to nostalgic remembrance; it manifests in the actions and attitudes of millions who participate. Pilgrims traverse long distances on foot, braving hardships with unwavering commitment, underscoring the depth of their devotion. The journey itself becomes a physical manifestation of faith, where each step is imbued with purpose. This experience not only nurtures spirituality but also fosters a sense of fraternity among participants, illustrating that they are engaged in a noble cause.

Such gatherings are replete with emotive expressions that articulate the communal mourning. Rituals including recitations of elegies, passion plays (Ta’ziyah), and sermonizing contribute to the profound atmosphere of sorrow intermingled with pride. Participants don black attire—symbolic of mourning—and engage in acts of charity, further enhancing the spiritual significance of their pilgrimage. The emphasis on mourning serves practical purposes as well; it reiterates shared beliefs and educates the younger generations about their religious and cultural heritage.