Burhan Imkan wa wujub

The corollary to this premise is the notion of “Wujub,” which embodies the principle of necessity. Herein lies the pivotal assertion that God, or the Necessary Being, must exist; His existence is a foundational truth that does not rely upon any external causes. Distinct from created beings, God exists by the very nature of His essence. His attributes of mercy, knowledge, and omnipotence, then, are contained within the necessity of His being, serving as irrefutable evidence of divine reality.

Therefore, the juxtaposition of Imkan and Wujub leads one to comprehend the intricate relationships between existence and non-existence. To further illustrate this, consider the illustrative analogy often employed by Islamic philosophers: the existence of a tree. A tree exists due to the interplay of various causes like soil, water, and sunlight. If any of these causal factors were absent, the tree would cease to exist. This scenario typifies the concept of Imkan; in contrast, God does not rely on such contingent factors and must exist by necessity.

Moreover, this dichotomy raises a profound question: what indeed constitutes the nature of God? Theological discourse surrounding Burhan Imkan wa Wujub leads scholars to explore attributes within the framework of necessity. One encapsulating attribute is that of simplicity; God is devoid of composition. This attribute emphasizes that God cannot be divided into parts and that He inherently possesses all perfections.