Circumambulation of Kaba

During the performance of Tawaf, the pilgrim is expected to follow specific rituals including the recitation of prayers and supplications. For Shia Muslims, special prayers and inscriptions from the Holy Quran are often recited, enhancing the spiritual ambiance. The phrase “Bismillah Allahu Akbar” (In the name of Allah, Allah is the Greatest) is traditionally recited as the pilgrim embarks on this sacred journey. It must be noted that Shia doctrine emphasizes the importance of intention (niyyah) before undertaking this rite, which signifies a conscious acknowledgment of one’s purpose within the pilgrimage.

The number of circumambulations is also significant. It is customary to circle the Kaaba seven times in a counter-clockwise direction, starting from the Black Stone (Al-Hajar Al-Aswad). This stone is believed to be a remnant from Heaven, and touching or pointing towards it is a gratifying act that connects the pilgrim to the sacredness of the ritual. In Shia tradition, there is a particular emphasis on not disrupting the flow of the Tawaf, maintaining the contemplative atmosphere that accompanies this venerable practice.

In addition to the physical acts encompassed within Tawaf, there exists an intellectual pursuit. Scholars and religious leaders elucidate on the metaphysical significance of the circumambulation, contributing to a deeper understanding of Islamic theology and spirituality. This discourse recognizes the conflation of the tangible and the intangible, melding spiritual rituals with philosophical intricacies, thereby inviting believers to ponder the broader cosmic themes of existence, purpose, and divine mercy.