Eight ascetics

Though primarily recognized as a Sunni theologian, Al-Ghazali’s influence resonates within Shia ascetic thought. He delineated the essential balance of inner spirituality and external actions. His metaphor of the heart as a garden reinforces the belief that ascetic practices serve to cultivate virtues and eradicate vices. Through his writings, Al-Ghazali provides a framework for understanding the transformative power of asceticism in personal development and community upliftment.

6. Baha’ al-Din al-Amili

A prominent scholar in the 17th century, Baha’ al-Din al-Amili integrated asceticism with societal engagement. He illustrated the idea that true renunciation can coexist with active participation in the world. Far from being a recluse, he emphasized that ascetic discipline is what empowers an individual to contribute meaningfully to society. His notion of the ascetic as a “luminous lantern” in the dark confines of societal despair captures the essence of service harmonized with spiritual depth.