Four main sources

Hadith: The Traditions of the Prophet and Imams

The second cornerstone of Shia teachings is Hadith literature, which encompasses the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Imams from his household, particularly the Twelve Imams revered in Shia Islam. Hadith collections serve as pivotal sources of jurisprudence, ethics, and spirituality, delineating lifestyles that embody Islamic ideals.

Shia scholars have meticulously compiled hadiths into collections such as Al-Kafi, which is quintessential in establishing legal rulings and theological doctrines. Moreover, the distinction of the Shia Hadith tradition is underscored by its focus on the teachings of the Imams, who are perceived as divinely appointed leaders possessing advanced knowledge and insight into the Qur’an and the essence of Islam. The diverse range of hadith literature therefore acts as both a historical repository and a theological compass, guiding Shia Muslims through the complexities of both spiritual and mundane existence.