Four main sources

Ijtihad: Independent Juridical Reasoning

The exercise of Ijtihad represents an intellectual endeavor within Shia Islam that allows scholars to derive legal rulings based on the Qur’an and Hadith, thereby adapting Islamic law to changing circumstances. This concept endorses the importance of critical thought and interpretation by qualified jurists, known as mujtahids. Unlike in Sunni traditions, where reliance on established jurisprudential schools may prevail, Shia jurisprudence encourages continuous reinterpretation and hands-on engagement with primary theological texts.

Ijtihad is predicated upon rigorous training in theology, law, and ethics, ensuring that jurists are well-equipped to respond to contemporary challenges. This adaptability is vital in addressing the multifarious issues that arise in modern times, ranging from bioethics to international relations. Furthermore, the flexibility inherent in Ijtihad not only enriches legal discourse but also underlines the importance of contextual understanding, enabling the Shia community to navigate moral quandaries while remaining faithful to foundational Islamic principles.