Four sources

Consensus (Ijma)

The fourth source, consensus (ijma), embodies the collective agreement of the Muslim community regarding specific theological and legal matters. In Shia Islam, ijma is understood as the unanimous agreement of the Imams or scholars on particular issues, reflecting a dynamic interplay between tradition and contemporary understanding.

Ijma is instrumental in addressing contemporary challenges—such as technological advancements and interfaith dialogues—allowing Shia scholarship to remain relevant while rooted in tradition. By invoking consensual decisions, Shia thinkers are able to provide nuanced interpretations that consider the evolving context of society while maintaining fidelity to core Islamic principles.