Four Sources of Ijtihad

The Sunnah: The Living Example of the Prophet

The Sunnah, which encompasses the teachings, actions, and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, serves as an essential complement to the Qur’an in Shia thought. The Sunnah provides practical examples of how to implement Qur’anic tenets in daily life, offering a model for ethical behavior, social justice, and personal conduct. This source emphasizes the importance of the Prophet’s life as a practical guide for Muslims.

In Shia Islam, the Sunnah also includes the teachings of the Imams, who are regarded as authoritative and divinely appointed leaders after the Prophet. This sets the Shia community apart, as the Imams are seen not merely as transmitters of the Sunnah but as exemplars who elucidate and embody the principles found in the Qur’an. Their sayings (Hadith) and actions serve as vital references for scholars undertaking Ijtihad, providing historical context and interpretative depth that enriches Islamic jurisprudence.