3. Ahmad b. Idris al-Ash’ari
Ahmad b. Idris al-Ash’ari represents another critical line of intellectual descent from al-Barqi. His contributions include a rich array of exercises in theological discourse and legal theory. By employing dialectical reasoning, al-Ash’ari prompted a re-evaluation of existing beliefs and practices, thereby deepening the Shia understanding of divine justice and human agency.
4. Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi
