Muhammad b. al-Hasan (a)

The concept of occultation (ghaybah) is a cornerstone of the belief surrounding Imam al-Mahdi. Shia doctrine posits that he entered into a state of occultation in 941 CE, which is divided into two periods: the Minor Occultation (ghaybat al-sughra) and the Major Occultation (ghaybat al-kubra). During the Minor Occultation, Imam al-Mahdi was in contact with his followers through representatives, whereas the Major Occultation signifies a complete withdrawal from the public realm, lasting until the time of his reappearance. This belief shapes the spiritual lives of Shia Muslims, emphasizing patience, resilience, and unwavering faith while waiting for his return. The theological ramifications are profound, guiding ethical conduct and communal solidarity in the interim.

3. Attributes and Characteristics

Imam al-Mahdi is imbued with numerous qualities that distinguish him as a paragon of virtue and justice. He is often described as an infallible figure possessing divine guidance, profound wisdom, and a deep understanding of the human condition. His attributes mirror those of previous prophets and Imams, establishing a continuity of divine leadership. Moreover, he represents the epitome of justice and equity, emphasizing egalitarian principles within society. The teachings surrounding these characteristics serve as a moral compass for the Shia community, advocating for social justice and rectitude in human interactions.