Qayyum (Divine attribute)

In the rich tapestry of Shia theology, the exploration of divine attributes serves as a profound inquiry into the nature of God. Among these attributes, “Qayyum” holds a pivotal position, encapsulating a divine essence that is both transcendental and immanent. The term “Qayyum” is derived from Arabic, meaning “the Sustainer” or “the Self-Subsisting,” indicating a profound depth that commands both reverence and contemplation. This article delves into the significance of the divine attribute Qayyum, its implications within Shia thought, and its relevance in the contemporary discourse on spirituality and existence.

To comprehend Qayyum fully, one must approach it with an understanding of its linguistic and theological roots. In Islamic theology, particularly within Shia doctrine, attributes of God are more than mere descriptors; they are manifestations of divine reality. The Qayyum attribute suggests an essential quality of God that emphasizes His role as the source of existence for everything. Unlike contingent beings, God’s existence is not reliant on external factors; He exists out of His own volition and sustains all creation meticulously.

This divine quality resonates with the idea of absolute independence, isolating God from the limitations often associated with the material world. Qayyum signifies that while God is distinct from His creation, He is intrinsically linked to it, perpetuating the cosmos through His divine will. This characteristic engenders a dual relationship where God acts as both the creator and sustainer, providing a framework that nurtures believers’ understanding of their dependence on the divine.

Consider the verses of the Qur’an where the attribute Qayyum is emphasized, particularly in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:255), also known as Ayat al-Kursi. This verse encapsulates the essence of divine governance and sustenance. “Allah! There is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of existence.” The repetition of attributes underscores a fascination with the multifaceted nature of divine existence, suggesting that God’s sustaining activity is as vital as His very being.