Tawhid al-afal

Moreover, the philosophical implications of this doctrine extend to moral accountability. If all actions are decreed by divine will, then humanity is called to a higher standard of ethical conduct. Believers are urged to emulate the divine attributes of kindness, patience, and integrity in their interactions with others. This moral imperative not only strengthens the bond between the individual and the Divine but also enhances societal harmony.

Unity of Existence and Divine Attributes

Tawhid al-Af’al intricately weaves the unity of existence with divine attributes. In Shia belief, Allah is not merely the creator but also sustains the universe through His active involvement. This principle of active sustenance invokes a sense of intimacy between the Divine and creation, wherein every object and phenomenon reflects divine attributes in various degrees.