The four main sources of ijtihad

Reason (Aql): The Illuminating Intellect

Lastly, the source of reason, or aql, is a distinctive hallmark of Shia thought, advocating that intellect is a divinely endowed capacity that should guide moral and ethical inquiries. Aql is elucidated as a tool of discernment, enabling scholars to extrapolate legal rulings and ethical principles that are congruent with the Qur’an and Sunnah while addressing the specific circumstances of society.

This source empowers believers to engage critically with their faith, fostering a culture of inquiry and reflection. It recognizes that while divine guidance is paramount, human reasoning plays an indispensable role in interpreting and applying that guidance effectively. The Shia embrace of aql not only enriches jurisprudential discussions but also encourages individuals to cultivate a personal relationship with their faith, nurturing a spirit of engagement that is intellectually stimulating and spiritually fulfilling.