The Four Sources of Ijtihad

Aql’s significance becomes especially pronounced in scenarios where textual sources may be ambiguous or silent. In such instances, scholars engage in rational deliberation to draw conclusions that align with the overarching principles of Islam. This capacity for independent reasoning empowers scholars to adapt legal rulings to changing social circumstances and contemporary ethical dilemmas, thereby keeping the spirit of Islamic law relevant and dynamic.

Ijma (Consensus)

The fourth source of Ijtihad, Ijma, signifies the consensus of scholars on a particular issue, thereby solidifying it as a binding legal principle. In Shia Islam, Ijma is valued for its ability to unify scholarly opinions, thereby providing a sense of community and stability. However, it is imperative to note that the nature of Ijma differs within Sunni and Shia frameworks.