The Four Sources

4. Consensus (Ijma)

The concept of ijma, or community consensus, emerges as a significant source of authority in Shia Islam. It refers to the collective agreement of scholars on a certain issue, thereby establishing it as a normative principle. This source underscores the communal aspect of Islamic learning, contrasting with solely individualistic interpretations. In Shia thought, ijma signifies the unity and continuity of scholarly thought, reflecting the overarching goals of guidance and welfare for the Muslim community.

However, the pluralistic nature of ijma also invites scrutiny. It poses the challenge of determining how consensus is reached and who qualifies as a legitimate scholar to contribute to this collective understanding. As communities grapple with diverse perspectives, the reliance on consensus can sometimes lead to contention. This notable dilemma serves as a reminder of the inherent tension between tradition and innovation, as the Shia community negotiates its doctrinal landscape in an ever-evolving world.