The Four Special Deputies

The Four Deputies: Profiles

1. Uthman ibn Sa’id al-‘Amri (d. 941 CE) – The first and arguably the most consequential of the deputies, al-‘Amri was instrumental in establishing the framework for future representation. He was also tasked with transmitting the Imam’s messages to the community. His efforts in collecting religious taxes, known as “Khums,” and ensuring the welfare of the Shia populace legitimized his authority and laid the groundwork for future deputies.

2. Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti (d. 941 CE) – Following al-‘Amri’s passing, al-Nawbakhti continued to uphold the responsibilities with tenacity and diligence. He is particularly noted for navigating the precarious political landscape of his time. His ability to maintain contacts with the Imam during this tumultuous era demonstrated a profound commitment to the Shia cause, even writing works that delved into theological discussions and enhancing community understanding.