Tanzih involves the methodological negation of ascribing attributes to Allah that imply limitations or deficiencies. It asserts that any human-like quality ascribed to the divine must be denied, as it detracts from the majesty intrinsic to the divine nature. For instance, while attributes such as knowledge or power are affirmed, they must be understood in a way that transcends human experience; they cannot be equated with human knowledge or power. This intentional divorce from anthropomorphism fosters a deeper spiritual reverence and respect for the Divine.
3. The Dichotomy of Attributes: Affirmation and Negation
Shia scholars emphasize that while some attributes are affirmed, such as omniscience and omnipotence, they must be approached through the lens of negation. This is not merely a process of denying attributes but a profound affirmation of Allah’s perfection. For example, when we affirm that Allah is merciful, we must simultaneously negate any notion that His mercy resembles human mercy, which may be conditional or limited. Thus, the practice of negation enriches the understanding of divine attributes, offering a dual approach that avoids oversimplification.
