The unity of God

**2. Dimensions of Tawhid**

The Shia perspective on Tawhid is typically articulated through three principal dimensions: Tawhid al-Zat (Unity of Being), Tawhid al-Sifat (Unity of Attributes), and Tawhid al-Af’al (Unity of Actions).

• Tawhid al-Zat: This dimension emphasizes that God’s essence is unique, transcending human comprehension. God exists in a state devoid of any likeness or comparison, which raises a compelling question: How do finite human beings comprehend something that is so inherently unfathomable?
• Tawhid al-Sifat: Here lies the assertion that God’s attributes do not denote multiplicity but rather signify a singular entity exhibiting diverse qualities. This unity of attributes reinforces the notion that all characteristics of God emanate from His essence, challenging believers to consider the implications of attributing human-like limitations to the Divine.
• Tawhid al-Af’al: This aspect postulates that all actions in the universe are manifestations of God’s will. God’s sovereignty governs everything; thus, the contemplation of divine will poses existential questions regarding human agency and moral responsibility.

**3. Implications of Tawhid on Spirituality**