Four Righteous Caliphs
The early history of Islam is vividly marked by the period of the Four Righteous Caliphs, a phase often revered for its moral and administrative excellence. The caliphate established by these leaders—Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib—serves as a focal point for varied interpretations within the Islamic community. […]
